The 12 Essential Things to Do in Oaxaca: A Journey Through Culture, Nature, and Flavor
Explore vibrant markets, ancient ruins, artisanal towns, and wild landscapes in Oaxaca State with this essential guide.
The 12 Essential Things to Do in Oaxaca
Nestled in southern Mexico, Oaxaca State is a vibrant celebration of Indigenous traditions, bold artistry, and surprising biodiversity. From ancient Zapotec ruins perched on mountain peaks to modern culinary innovation, the region’s treasures span centuries and ecosystems. Whether you are drawn to bustling markets, misty highland hikes, or soaking in mineral springs, Oaxaca offers a tapestry of unforgettable experiences.
1. Lose Yourself in Oaxaca City’s Markets and Taste Exceptional Mezcal
Oaxaca City thrums with market energy, especially at the city’s famous marketplaces such as Mercado 20 de Noviembre and Mercado Benito Juárez. Wander the bustling aisles for freshly pressed tortillas, handmade moles, and exquisite crafts like woven rugs and intricate black pottery. Markets here are more than places to shop—they are living museums of Oaxacan culture and cuisine.
- Mercado Benito Juárez: Ideal for local produce, cheeses, sweets, and mezcal.
- Mercado 20 de Noviembre: Famous for the Smoky Alley (Pasillo de Humo), where cuts of meat are grilled over coals, served with fresh salsas and tortillas.
For an authentic taste of Oaxaca, participate in a mezcal tasting at a local bar or specialized mezcalería. Learn about agave’s role in local communities, sip different varieties, and discover why Oaxaca is Mexico’s undisputed mezcal capital.
2. Marvel at Ancient Civilization in Monte Albán
Just a short drive from the city, the archaeological site of Monte Albán stands as a testament to Zapotec ingenuity. Perched atop a flattened mountaintop, this UNESCO World Heritage Site features pyramids, tombs, a ball court, and panoramic terraces. Explore the ceremonial plazas and carved stelae, and feel the echoes of more than a thousand years of civilization.
- Visit early in the day to enjoy sweeping views and lighter crowds.
- Detailed interpretive panels provide historical context as you walk.
3. Immerse Yourself in Oaxacan Art, Museums & Colonial Splendor
Oaxaca is known for its thriving arts scene and colonial charm. Key highlights include:
- Museo de las Culturas de Oaxaca: Housed within the atmospheric former monastery of Santo Domingo, this museum traces Oaxacan history from its pre-Hispanic roots to today.
- Templo de Santo Domingo de Guzmán: A baroque masterpiece famous for its ornate gold-leaf interior and meticulously restored exteriors.
- Centro Fotográfico Álvarez Bravo: Prime galleries celebrating photography and visual art.
- Jardín Etnobotánico de Oaxaca: Adjacent to Santo Domingo, this botanical garden showcases a remarkable collection of native Oaxacan flora, from towering cacti to rare medicinal plants.
Don’t miss the lively street murals and galleries clustered around the city’s historic center and the Xochimilco neighborhood.
4. Relax and Surf Along Oaxaca’s Pacific Coast Beaches
Oaxaca’s coast stretches for hundreds of kilometers, offering virgin sands, gentle coves, and world-famous surf breaks. Whether you seek beachside tranquility or vibrant nightlife, the Pacific Coast delivers.
- Puerto Escondido: Surfers flock to Playa Zicatela for world-class waves, while quieter beaches like Playa Carrizalillo are ideal for swimming and sunbathing.
- Bahías de Huatulco: Known for their crystalline waters and eco-friendly resorts nestled amid lush national parks.
- Zipolite: Laidback atmosphere with open-minded vibes—Mexico’s only officially recognized nude beach.
Enjoy fresh-caught seafood, relaxed beach bars, and plenty of opportunities for snorkeling and boat excursions.
5. Hike or Bike the Sierra Norte Mountains
Santiago Apoala is a gateway to the wild beauty of the Sierra Norte, a region beloved by hikers and mountain bikers. Known originally to the Mixtec as Yutatnoho (“river where the lords come from”), this valley is home to jaw-dropping waterfalls, serene blue lagoons, deep caves, and wildflower meadows.
- Ruta 1: Follows the Río Apoala to the immense waterfalls Cola de Serpiente and Cola de Caballo, concluding at Laguna Azul’s glittering waters.
- Ruta 2: A shorter hike passing caves and ancient rock paintings to Peñas Gemelas, twin peaks overlooking a dramatic gorge.
- Ruta 3: For committed adventurers, a longer trek to Cueva del Diablo and El Mirador, a lookout offering sweeping views.
After your adventure, savor traditional Oaxacan dishes at a family-run comedor in the village.
6. Explore Artisanal Towns and Traditional Crafts
Oaxaca’s surrounding valleys are dotted with villages dedicated to centuries-old crafts. A journey through these artisanal communities is an immersion in local talent and creativity.
- Teotitlán del Valle: Renowned for handwoven rugs and tapestries made using natural dyes. Visit a local workshop to watch weavers at work.
- San Bartolo Coyotepec: Famous for black pottery (barro negro)—distinctive, glossy ceramics made via unique firing techniques.
- San Martín Tilcajete: Artisan hub for vibrant wooden alebrijes, fanciful animal figurines carved and painted by hand.
Some workshops welcome visitors for tours and hands-on demonstrations, providing a deeper appreciation for these traditional crafts.
7. Witness the Petrified Waterfalls of Hierve el Agua
Set high in the Sierra Mixe, Hierve el Agua presents one of Oaxaca’s most surreal landscapes. Ancient mineral springs feed into turquoise pools, cascading over cliffs and leaving behind petrified waterfalls—a phenomenon that looks as though white water has been frozen in time.
- Swim in the mineral-rich pools while admiring expansive valley views.
- The site was considered sacred by the Zapotec civilization and still holds spiritual significance today.
- Visit during the rainy season (June–August) to see additional waterfalls in full flow.
- Book tickets or tours in advance due to daily visitor limits.
8. Step Into Zapotec and Mixtec History at Mitla
The ancient archaeological complex of Mitla showcases unique geometric mosaics and elaborate stonework. Once a ceremonial center for the Zapotecs and Mixtecs, Mitla’s finely crafted patterns are unrivaled in Mexico.
- Explore spacious halls, colorful columns, and tombs etched with symbolic motifs.
- Visit the adjacent church, which stands atop pre-Hispanic foundations.
9. Stand in Awe Before the Ancient Tule Tree
In the town of Santa María del Tule stands the legendary Árbol del Tule, famed for its immense circumference—among the world’s thickest tree trunks. Estimated to be over 2,000 years old, the majestic Montezuma cypress is a local symbol of continuity and strength.
Stroll the shaded church grounds and marvel at the twisted roots and massive branches that have inspired countless myths.
10. Enjoy Contemporary Art in San Agustín Etla
Just northwest of Oaxaca City, the Centro de las Artes San Agustín (CaSa) is a creative beacon housed in a beautifully restored textile factory. Admire contemporary exhibitions infused with regional themes and eco-friendly design—its pools and water features are part of a gravity-powered system that cools the historic building.
- Stroll lush grounds, waterfalls, and aqueduct trails in the surrounding hills.
- Aqueduct Trail offers a scenic walk into the highlands.
- Reachable via shared taxi from Mercado de Abastos—affordable and popular with locals.
11. Discover Oaxaca’s Majestic Historical Architecture
Oaxaca’s historic center boasts more than 1,200 monuments, earning it UNESCO World Heritage status. Among the most iconic sights:
- Templo de Santo Domingo: Gold-encrusted interior and robust stonework.
- Basílica de Nuestra Señora de la Soledad: Features a sparkling interior and a facade dating to 1690, constructed from durable cantera stone.
- Xochimilco Aqueduct: 18th-century engineering, now part of the urban fabric as picturesque arches along Calle Rufino Tamayo.
Wander the cobbled streets to take in ornate churches, leafy plazas, and centuries-old convents.
12. Take in Panoramic Views From Cerro del Fortín
For memorable city vistas, make the climb up Cerro del Fortín, Oaxaca’s sentinel hill. Accessible by a stairway off Calle Crespo, it leads to Auditorio Guelaguetza, an open-air amphitheater where July’s Guelaguetza Festival comes alive with dance and music.
- Continue past the auditorium to discover a small planetarium and a Christian cross atop the summit.
- For safety, avoid the upper reaches after dark.
It’s an ideal spot for early-morning runs, walks, or an evening to watch the sun slip behind the mountains.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: Do I need to know Spanish to travel in Oaxaca?
A: While many people in the tourism sector speak some English, learning a few Spanish phrases will greatly enhance your experience and allow deeper connections with locals.
Q: What is the best time of year to visit Oaxaca?
A: The dry season (November to April) offers ideal weather for sightseeing and outdoor activities. The July Guelaguetza festival and Day of the Dead (late October/early November) are vibrant cultural highlights.
Q: How do I get around Oaxaca State?
A: Oaxaca City is walkable, with taxis and local buses available. For outlying villages, beaches, and archaeological sites, consider organizing tours, hiring drivers, or using colectivos (shared taxis and vans).
Q: Are the mountain and beach regions safe for tourists?
A: Most areas frequented by tourists are very safe, though some remote regions may lack cellphone reception and infrastructure. Always check current travel advice and consider guided tours for wilderness hikes.
Q: Is Oaxaca suitable for families?
A: Yes, Oaxaca has family-friendly attractions, gentle beaches, museums, and lively markets. Always ensure young children are supervised in busy or remote places.
