Essential Things to Know Before Traveling to Peru
Get the most from your Peruvian adventure with expert tips on airports, seasons, booking, customs, cuisine, health and more.
Peru is one of South America’s most thrilling destinations, attracting countless travelers with its ancient wonders, diverse landscapes, rich culture, and outstanding cuisine. To ensure a smooth and rewarding adventure, understanding practical details and local customs before you go is crucial. Below you’ll find insightful tips covering everything from airport logistics to dish recommendations, helping you get the most from your Peruvian experience.
1. All International Flights Land in Lima
At present, Lima’s Jorge Chávez International Airport is Peru’s only entry point for international flights. Although a new airport in Chinchero (near Cuzco) is under development, until its completion all international travelers will start their Peruvian journey in Lima. The city’s main tourist districts—San Isidro, Miraflores, and Barranco—are about 40 minutes from the airport (outside rush hour), but traffic congestion is common. Safe transit is essential; always use authorized taxis from official booking desks inside the airport, or opt for the Airport Express Lima bus if heading to Miraflores on a budget.
- Avoid hailing street taxis outside the airport for security and reliability.
- Arrange airport transfers in advance if possible.
2. Shoulder Seasons Are Best for Cuzco (and Much of Peru)
The optimal time to visit Cuzco and much of the Andes region is during the shoulder months: April–May and September–October. These months strike a balance between pleasant weather, fewer crowds, and lower prices. Peak dry season (May to October) brings sunshine and clear skies ideal for treks, but higher visitor numbers, especially at Machu Picchu. Wet season (November to March) sees vibrant landscapes, but rain can disrupt plans and trails may close intermittently.
- April–May, September–October: Best mix of weather and manageable crowds.
- June–August: Tourist hotspots are busiest—book well in advance.
- December–March: Expect rain and occasional closures, but lush scenery.
3. Book Machu Picchu Far in Advance
Machu Picchu is on many travelers’ bucket lists, drawing visitors from across the globe. Tickets for entry, trains, and the Inca Trail (if trekking) must be booked ahead of time, especially in the peak dry period. Spaces for iconic hikes—such as Huayna Picchu and Machu Picchu Mountain—are limited and sell out weeks or even months in advance. Note that daily visitor numbers to the citadel are capped, in line with preservation efforts.
- Purchase official entry tickets through the government portal or authorized agencies.
- Book train journeys to and from Aguas Calientes (the gateway town) as soon as possible.
- If trekking, secure permits and a guide—last-minute availability is rare.
- Check for occasional closures due to maintenance or weather.
4. Be Prepared for Altitude in the Andes
Much of Peru’s most famous destinations—Cuzco, Sacred Valley, Lake Titicaca, and even Machu Picchu—sit at elevations where altitude sickness is a genuine risk. Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, and shortness of breath. To minimize discomfort and health risks:
- Ascend gradually, spending a couple of days acclimatizing in Cuzco or the Sacred Valley before undertaking strenuous hikes.
- Hydrate well and rest; avoid excessive alcohol and heavy meals at first.
- Coca tea, a local remedy, is widely available to help with altitude symptoms.
- Consult your doctor about preventive medications if you have a history of altitude sickness.
5. Peru Offers Astonishing Diversity Beyond Machu Picchu
While the Inca citadel is iconic, Peru’s landscapes and attractions are incredibly diverse.
- The Amazon Rainforest: Accessible from Iquitos, Puerto Maldonado, or Manu; offers wildlife, river cruises, and remote lodges.
- Coastal Desert: The Nazca Lines, Ballestas Islands, and Huacachina’s sand dunes provide striking contrast.
- The Andes Highlands: Trekking, archaeological sites, and charming towns abound in this atmospheric region.
- The Northern Beaches: Surfing hotspots like Máncora offer sun, waves, and relaxation.
- Lake Titicaca: The world’s highest navigable lake, home to traditional communities and floating islands.
Plan your itinerary according to your interests—nature, adventure, culture, and history all have a place.
6. Local Transport Varies—Plan Carefully
Peru’s transportation network includes buses, trains, colectivos (shared vans), motorcycles, and domestic flights connecting major cities and remote regions. The quality and safety can vary significantly.
- Buses are affordable but range from basic to luxury—research companies for long-haul trips.
- Domestic flights are time-saving for longer distances, e.g., Lima to Cuzco or Puerto Maldonado.
- For intercity trains, particularly on the route to Machu Picchu, book tickets early.
- In cities, taxis are common; prefer those arranged by your hotel or official taxi stands.
- Shared vans (colectivos) are cheap and popular with locals but may be uncomfortable for longer journeys.
7. Currency and Payments: Be Prepared
The official currency is the Nuevo Sol (PEN). Cash is necessary for markets, rural areas, and small purchases, while credit/debit cards are increasingly accepted in cities and larger establishments. ATMs are plentiful in towns but may run out of cash during festivals or peak hours.
- Carry small denominations for taxis and local shops.
- Notify your bank about travel dates to avoid card issues.
- Currency exchange offices (casas de cambio) offer competitive rates; avoid exchanging money at the airport unless needed.
8. Peruvian Cuisine: Try These Must-Eat Dishes
Peru’s culinary reputation is world-class. From ceviche to lomo saltado and aji de gallina, the country’s food scene fuses indigenous flavors, Spanish, African, Chinese, and Japanese influences.
- Ceviche: Raw fish marinated in lime, chili, and onion—best enjoyed on the coast.
- Lomo Saltado: Stir-fried beef with vegetables, soy sauce, and potatoes.
- Aji de Gallina: Shredded chicken in a spicy, creamy sauce.
- Papas a la Huancaína: Potatoes in a yellow pepper cheese sauce.
- Anticuchos: Grilled beef heart skewers found at street stalls.
For regional gourmet experiences, sample Nikkei cuisine, blending Peruvian and Japanese flavors, or visit an acclaimed Lima restaurant for a tasting menu.
9. Respect Local Customs and Etiquette
Peruvian culture is family-oriented, with traditional values and diverse indigenous heritage. Understanding etiquette can help travelers build rapport and avoid misunderstandings.
- Greetings are generally formal; a handshake is common with strangers, and a cheek kiss among friends or women.
- Punctuality is flexible; social meetings may start late.
- Modest attire is preferred in rural areas and religious sites.
- Always ask permission before photographing people, especially in indigenous communities.
- Littering is frowned upon—dispose of trash responsibly.
10. Essential Health and Safety Tips
Dealing with traveler’s health and safety is vital in Peru. Water from the tap is not safe to drink without purification. Avoid raw foods outside reputable restaurants, and be cautious about altitude and sun exposure.
- Drink only bottled or filtered water.
- Use high-SPF sunscreen; the Andean sun can be intense.
- Secure valuables in hotels and use a money belt for public transportation.
- Vaccinations for hepatitis, typhoid, and yellow fever are advised, especially if visiting the Amazon.
- Consult a travel clinic at least six weeks before departure for health advice.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is the best time to visit Machu Picchu?
A: The dry season, May to October, is ideal for visiting Machu Picchu, featured by clear weather and open trails. However, shoulder months (April, September, October) offer a balance of pleasant weather and fewer crowds.
Q: Do I need a visa to visit Peru?
A: Most travelers from North America, Europe, and Australasia do not need a tourist visa for stays up to 183 days. Always check specific requirements for your nationality before traveling.
Q: Is it safe to travel in Peru?
A: Peru is generally safe for tourists, especially in popular destinations. Exercise caution with valuables, avoid desolate areas at night, and use reputable transport. For extra security, ask your hotel about areas to avoid.
Q: How can I prevent altitude sickness?
A: Ascend gradually, hydrate well, and rest for the first couple of days at elevation. Avoid strenuous activity, alcohol, and overeating initially. Coca tea and altitude medication can help manage symptoms.
Q: What should I pack for a trip to Peru?
- Layers for variable climates.
- Comfortable footwear for walking and hiking.
- Rain jacket for wet season or Andean showers.
- High-SPF sunscreen, insect repellent, and any prescription medicines.
Quick Reference Table: Peru Trip Essentials
| Topic | Key Info |
|---|---|
| International Airport | Lima (Jorge Chávez); connect by road to city districts |
| Best Time to Visit | April-May, September-October (shoulder); May-October (dry/trekking) |
| Key Booking Advice | Book Machu Picchu and treks well in advance |
| Safety | Use authorized transport; keep valuables secure |
| Currency | Nuevo Sol (PEN); cash and cards both used |
| Language | Spanish (predominant); Quechua, Aymara in Andes |
Conclusion
Peru welcomes travelers with an irresistible blend of history, nature, culture, and cuisine. With the right preparation and a little local know-how, your trip will be both memorable and hassle-free. Whether you’re exploring ancient ruins, hiking in the Andes, savoring world-class food, or simply soaking up the vibrant atmosphere—these essential tips will help you navigate Peru’s wonders with confidence.
